• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A harvesting header (20) comprises a support frame to which a harvesting unit (32) and a runner (92) arranged underneath are fastened, the underside of which forms a lower limit of the harvesting header (20). A mulching device (50) with a processing tool (54) for comminuting plant stumps (80) is mounted so as to be pivotable about the transverse axis and to copy the soil by means of soil scanning means (62) arranged at the rear of the processing tool (54). The underside of the runner (92) is arranged lower than the lowest point of the machining tool (54) pivoted as far back as possible.
    公开号:BE1027108B1
    申请号:E20200019
    申请日:2020-02-11
    公开日:2021-02-26
    发明作者:Clemens Weitenberg；Jürgen Effsing
    申请人:Deere & Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a header with a mulcher, comprising: a support frame that can be moved in a forward direction over a field, to which at least one harvesting unit and a runner arranged below it are attached, the underside of which forms a lower limit of the header, and at least a mulching device assigned to the harvesting unit, which comprises a processing tool that can be set in motion for shredding plant stumps and is mounted so as to be pivotable about the transverse axis in a soil-copying manner relative to the carrier frame within a range of motion by soil scanning means arranged at the rear of the processing tool. State of the art In many cases, mulchers are installed underneath headers for maize harvesting to shred and / or defiber the plant stumps remaining on the field after harvesting, be it to protect the tires of the vehicles driving in the field, to improve the rotting of the plant remains or to destroy the wintering area of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). The mulchers are guided at a relatively low height above the ground, for which they are pivoted about the transverse to the forward direction and horizontally extending axis on the frame of the header or linearly movable in the vertical direction and are height-guided by means of soil sensing, such as runners (see Fig.
    DE 35 15 295 A1, DE 39 34 862 A1, DE 10 2004 020 447 A1 and DE 10 2016 214 323 A1). The soil sensing means follow the soil contour and prevent the mulching device from penetrating undesirably deep into the soil. Since the soil scanning means are arranged in front of or exactly below the mulching device, the soil scanning means raise the tool in good time before it could drive into a bump in the ground.
    Problem The situation is different, however, when the rear side of the mulching device, which can be pivoted about the transverse axis, is guided in a soil-copying manner by soil scanning means, as shown for example in EP 3 272 199 A1. The rear-side arrangement of the Bodenabtastmittel has the advantage that the height guidance is based on a scanning of the entire working width of the mulcher and the connection between the Bodenabtastmittel and the mulcher serves as a shield of the mulcher to the rear at the same time; however, situations are conceivable in which the mulcher penetrates a bump in the ground. For this purpose, reference is made to FIG. 6, which shows a prior art mulching device according to EP 3 272 199 A1, using the reference numerals used there, which are also used in the description of the drawings of the present application. If the soil sensing means 62 is raised by a bump 96 and the mulching device 50 is accordingly rotated backwards and upwards about the transverse axis, under unfavorable circumstances the processing tool 54 of the mulching device 50 would penetrate a second bump 94 lying in the forward direction in front of the bump 96. In this case, an overload clutch in the drive train of the mulching device 50 would switch off and the work of at least the mulching device 50 would be interrupted. The bumps 94, 96 are leveled by runners 92 of the header 20 arranged below the gear housing 46 or the header 20 is raised by the runners 92 (and thus also the mulcher 50) over the bumps 94, 96, which in view of the height of the runners 92 above the ground and the pivoting range of the mulching device 50 about the transverse axis is not sufficient to prevent the mulching device 50 from penetrating into the bump 94. Replacing the spring 74 with an actuator, as shown in EP 3 391 724 A1, cannot help here either.
    The present invention has set itself the goal of providing a header which is improved over the prior art.
    Solution According to the invention, this object is achieved by the teaching of patent claim 1, the further patent claims citing features that further develop the solution in an advantageous manner.
    A header is equipped with a mulching device. The header comprises a support frame that can be moved in a forward direction over a field, to which at least one harvesting unit and a runner arranged below it are attached, the underside of which forms a lower limit of the header and at least one mulching device assigned to the harvesting unit, which has a processing tool for shredding that can be set in motion of plant stumps and is attached to the support frame within a range of motion by soil scanning means arranged to the rear of the processing tool so as to be pivotable about the transverse axis in a soil-copying manner. In the case of a harvesting header guided over a field in a harvesting position, the underside of the runner is arranged lower than the lowest position of the processing tool which is pivoted as far back as possible. This avoids the disadvantages described at the beginning, at least in most situations.
    In particular, the runner can comprise a rear region, the rear end of which is located below the enveloping circle of the machining tool.
    The mulching device can be pivoted about the transverse axis by means of an actuator, the adjustment range of which defines the range of motion of the mulching device.
    The mulching device can be arranged at the rear of the runner, in particular laterally offset with respect to the runner or exactly behind the runner.
    Exemplary embodiment In the drawings, two exemplary embodiments described in more detail below are shown. 1 shows a side view of a harvesting machine with a header attached to it, to which mulchers are attached, FIG. 2 shows a side view of the header during harvest, FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the mulcher, FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the figure 4 with the mulching device pivoted forwards and downwards as far as possible; FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the transmission, cross member and the mulching devices of a header according to a second embodiment, and FIG. 6 shows a side view of a header according to the prior art of EP 3 272 199 A1 unfavorable bumps, as explained at the beginning. An agricultural harvesting machine 10 shown in FIG. 1 in the manner of a self-propelled forage harvester is built on a frame 12 which is carried by front and rear wheels 14 and 16. The front wheels 14 serve as the main drive wheels, while the rear wheels 16 are steerable.
    The harvesting machine 10 is operated from a driver's cab 18 from which a harvesting header 20 can be viewed.
    By means of the header 20 picked up from the ground, z. B.
    Maize is fed via a feed housing 30 to a chopping drum (not shown) inside the harvesting machine 10, which chops it into small pieces and gives it to a conveying device (also not shown).
    The crop leaves the harvesting machine 10 to a trailer traveling alongside via an ejector spout 28 which is rotatable about the vertical axis and adjustable in height. A re-shredding device (not shown) can be arranged between the chopping drum and the conveying device.
    Although the invention is shown here on a forage harvester, it can also be used on combine harvesters with associated harvesting attachments in the form of corn pickers.
    In the following, directional information, such as in front of, behind, to the side and above, relate to the forward direction of the harvesting machine 10 and the harvesting header 20, which runs to the left in FIG. 1.
    The harvesting attachment 20, which is attached to the front of the harvesting machine 10 in the forward direction, is used to pick up the harvested crop.
    In the embodiment shown, the header 20 is a known maize header which comprises a central part 38 and two side parts 40 arranged laterally to the left and right of the central part 38 (with respect to the forward direction of the harvesting machine 10).
    The side parts 40 are attached to the central part 38 such that they can be swiveled upwards for transporting punishments and can be swiveled down hydraulically for harvesting so that they run parallel to the central part 38 during the harvesting operation.
    They can then be swiveled up again.
    FIG. 1 shows the side parts 40 in the swiveled up state, while they are shown in FIG. 4 in the swiveled down harvesting position.
    In the present embodiment, four harvesting units 32 with lower cutting disks for cutting off the plants and upper conveyor disks for transporting the plants away are attached to the central part 38, while two harvesting units 32 are attached to each of the two side parts 40.
    The header 20 is equipped in a manner known per se with stalk dividers 36, the harvesting units 32, dividing tips 34, cover plates and conveying means in order to feed the harvested material to the chopping drum of the harvesting machine 10.
    During operation, the header 20 pulls in the stalks of the crop in an upright position, cuts them off and guides them (cf.
    FIG. 4) via transverse conveyor drums 82 and delivery conveyor drums 84 to the intake housing 30 equipped with intake rollers 86 and then to the chopping drum of the harvesting machine 10.
    The header 20 comprises a carrier frame which has a lower cross member 42 and an upper cross member 44.
    The lower cross member 42 extends at the bottom on the rear side of the header 20 and comprises three segments, one of which is assigned to the central part 38 and one to each side part 40.
    Gear housings 46, which each serve to drive a harvesting unit 32, are screwed to the front of the lower cross member 42.
    A drive shaft 48 for driving the harvesting units 32 via gears arranged in the gear housing 46, which also serves to drive the further conveying means of the harvesting header 20 and is driven by an output shaft of the harvesting machine 10, extends in the lateral direction within the hollow lower cross member 42 of the gear housing 46 are arranged skids 92, which at their front end with the gear housing 46 and at their rear end with the gear housing 46 or a housing element which connects the gear housing 46 with the cross member 42 (and in which a shaft for driving the in the gear housing 46 arranged gear is arranged) connected, in particular screwed.
    The runners 92 form the deepest point of the header 20 and support it at least on the ground when the header 20 over larger bumps 94, 96 (see Fig.
    Figure 6) drives.
    The upper cross member 44 extends in the lateral direction above the inlet of the feeder housing 30 over the width thereof.
    It is connected to hook-shaped support elements which are partially gripped under by complementary support elements of the intake housing 30 and which serve to fasten the header 20 to the harvesting machine 10. It is connected to the lower cross member 42 by vertically extending beams and connecting plates. The carrier frame with the cross members 42, 44 and the vertically extending carriers and connecting plates thus forms a skeleton of the header 20 which carries all other elements of the header 20.
    FIG. 2 shows the header 20 in a position that it assumes during harvesting, for which the intake housing 30 is lowered by an actuator 116 controlled by a height control 118 about the axis of rotation of the chopping drum from the transport position shown in FIG. This actuator also controls the height of the header 20 above the ground in a sensor-based manner known per se. A speed sensor 114, which can be embodied in particular as a radar sensor, detects the advance speed of the harvesting machine 10.
    A mulching device 50 is attached to the rear of each harvesting unit 32. The mulching device 50 is arranged with its axis of rotation in the lateral direction to the rear of the axis of rotation of the associated harvesting unit 32. This is where the plants come in during normal harvesting. If a harvesting unit 32 harvests several rows of plants, several mulchers 50 can be assigned to it, the axes of rotation of which are arranged to the rear of the expected entry points of the rows of plants. It would also be conceivable to distribute the mulchers 50 without any gaps or with small gaps over the entire working width of the header 20.
    Reference is now made to FIGS. 2 and 3. The mulching device 50 comprises two diametrically opposite machining tools 54 which are rigidly connected to a central shaft 56 via radial arms 52. Instead of rigid arms 52, the machining tools 54 could also be connected to the shaft 56 by chains or other flexible elements, or the arms 52 simultaneously form the machining tools 54, i.e. are made in one piece therewith. The processing tools 54 are designed as blunt impact bodies, i.e. shaped like a ball or a cigar. As processing tools 54, cutting knives could alternatively or additionally be used, as they are usually installed under corn pickers. These knives can be connected to the shaft 56 in a rigid or oscillating manner.
    The lower end of the shaft 56 is connected to the arms 52 and is mounted in a gear 66 at its upper end. The drive shaft 48 extends through a hollow shaft 68 of the transmission 66 and is coupled to the hexagonal hollow shaft 68 in a form-fitting manner. The gearbox 66 includes drive elements (not shown) which drivingly connect the hollow shaft 68 to the shaft 56, e.g., bevel gears. The gear 66 is mounted so that it can pivot freely about the axis of the drive shaft 48 with respect to the drive shaft 48 and the lower cross member 42. Furthermore, a bracket 70 enclosing the transmission 66 from both sides is rigidly connected to the lower cross member 42. A lower plate connecting the two plates of the console 70 lying laterally on the gear 66 is connected on its underside to a stop element 72 which, in cooperation with a cover plate 60, serves to limit the range of motion of the shaft 56 and thus the machining tools 54 and prevent collisions other parts of the header 20 to avoid. Alternatively or additionally, the range of motion of the shaft 56 is limited by the adjustment range of the actuator 74.
    A hollow axle 64 is attached to the housing of the gearbox 66 and concentrically encloses the shaft 56 between the gearbox 66 and a lower end located slightly above the arms 52. The hollow axis 64 with the gear 66 and the shaft 56 can be freely pivoted with respect to the lower cross member 42 about the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft 48. At its lower end, the hollow axle 64 carries a flange 78 to which a longitudinal strut 76 is attached. The longitudinal strut 76 is rigidly connected to the cover plate 60. The cover plate 60 extends over the width of the mulching device 50 and is slightly wider than the diameter of the enveloping circle described by the processing tools 54. The cover plate 60 extends in the forward direction V from the center of the hollow axis 64 and from there obliquely backwards and downwards to the rear floor scanning means 62, which rest on the floor and are designed like skids. In order to adapt to the evenness of the floor, the floor scanning means 62 can be adjusted relative to the cover plate 60 (and / or the cover plate 60 relative to the hollow axis 64) in order to position the processing tools 54 in their rearward position further down on a flat floor than on an uneven floor .
    An actuator 74 is connected with its rear end pivotably about an axis extending in the transverse direction to a holding arm 88 which extends rearward from the lower cross member 42. The front, movable part 90 of the actuator 74 is also pivotably coupled to the cover plate 60 by an axis extending in the transverse direction. The actuator 74, which can be designed as a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, accordingly defines the pivot position of the hollow axis 64, which together with the arms 52, the shaft 56, the gear 66, the flange 78, the longitudinal strut 76 and the cover plate 60 as a bracket of the processing tool 54 can be viewed around the central axis of the drive shaft 48 and thus the position of the processing tool 54 relative to the ground. In addition, the actuator 74 defines the pressing force with which the floor sensing means 62 are supported on the floor. The bottom sensing means 62 serve here as guide means on which the holder (indirectly) is supported on the ground. The actuator is controlled as described in EP 3 391 724 A1, the disclosure of which is incorporated into the present documents by reference. The actuator 74 could also be replaced by the spring 74 ‘of FIG.
    FIG. 6, which shows the prior art according to EP 3 272 199 A1, has already been explained at the outset. In order to avoid the problem that the processing tools 54 penetrate the ground in an unfavorable situation, as shown in FIG EP 3 272 199 A1 is extended downwards and backwards, as shown in particular in FIGS. 2 and 4. This means that the tools 54, with the shaft 56 inclined backwards as far as possible, with the lowest position of their orbit (which is at the very front and bottom of the rearwardly inclined mulcher 50 with shaft 56 oriented obliquely downwards and backwards, see FIG 4) are even higher than the lowest point of runner 92. In addition, the runner 92 with a rear extension 98 is even arranged below the enveloping circle of the tools 54.
    In this way, it is achieved that the runners 92 when driving over possible bumps 94, 96, as shown in Figure 6, either level the bumps 94, 96 or lift the header 20 with the mulchers 50 over them and a penetration of the tools Avoid 54 in the ground at least in the front half of its circulation. The situation shown in FIG. 6 is therefore no longer to be feared.
    In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4, each harvesting unit 32 is assigned exactly one mulching device 50, which is arranged exactly behind the gear 66 and the runner 92 in the forward direction. The diameter of the harvesting unit 32, at approx. 75 cm, is selected so that precisely one row of the harvested material, which is grown at the usual lateral spacings of 75 cm, can be harvested. In the embodiment of Figure 5, however, two mulchers 50 are assigned to each harvesting unit 32, which are arranged in the forward direction behind the gear 66 and the runner 92, but symmetrically offset laterally opposite them and are located there at the points where the plants usually come in . The diameter of the harvesting unit 32 is at this
    Embodiment with approx. 1.5 m chosen so that exactly two rows of the crop, which is grown at lateral distances of 75 cm, can be harvested.
    In addition, in the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the machining tools 54 are formed by cylindrical sheets of wear-resistant material, which are pushed onto the end regions of the arms 52 and are detachably and thus interchangeably fastened there. It should also be noted that FIG Shows stiffening plates, which the rear area 98 with the rest of the runner 92 or the housing element 100 (cf.
    Figure 5), which holds the gear housing 46 on the cross member 42, connects to one another.
    In all embodiments, these are of course outside the enveloping circle of the mulchers 50. If the header 20 of FIG. 6 is viewed from the side, the view shown in FIG. 4 is obtained (apart from the different processing tools 54).
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. A harvesting header (20) with a mulching device (50), comprising: a carrier frame movable in a forward direction over a field, to which at least one harvesting unit (32) and a runner (92) arranged thereunder are attached, the underside of which has a lower limit of the Forms harvesting attachment (20), and at least one mulching device (50) assigned to the harvesting unit (32), which comprises a processing tool (54) which can be set in motion for comminuting plant stumps (80) and opposite the support frame within a range of motion through the rear of the processing tool (54 ) arranged bottom scanning means (62) is mounted pivotably about the transverse axis in a bottom-copying manner, characterized in that in a harvesting header guided over a field in a harvesting position, the underside of the runner (92) is lower than the lowest position of the processing tool (54) which is pivoted as far back as possible ) is arranged.
    [2]
    2. harvesting header (20) according to claim 1, wherein the runner (92) comprises a rear region (98), the rear end of which is located below the enveloping circle of the processing tool (54).
    [3]
    3. harvesting header (20) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a shaft (56) for driving the processing tool (54) is mounted rotatably about an approximately vertically extending axis and can be brought into rotation by a drive.
    [4]
    4. harvesting attachment (20) according to claim 3, wherein the shaft (56) can be driven via an associated gear (66) which connects the shaft (56) with a in a hollow cross member (42) of the frame, for driving the harvesting unit ( 32) serving drive shaft (48) and is mounted freely pivotable about the axis of the drive shaft (48).
    [5]
    5. harvesting header (20) according to claim 4, wherein the housing of the gearbox (66) has a hollow axle (64) is attached, which the shaft (56) between the gearbox (66) and a lower one above the shaft (56) with the arm (52) connecting the machining tool (54) concentrically surrounds and the hollow axis (64) with the gear (66) and the shaft (56) is freely pivotable with respect to the cross member (42) about the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft (48) and the hollow axle (64) is connected to the bottom scanning means (62) via a cover plate (60).
    [6]
    6. harvesting header (20) according to claim 5, wherein a bracket (70) enclosing the transmission (66) from both sides is rigidly connected to the cross member (42) and the bracket (70) on its underside with a stop element (72) which, in cooperation with the cover plate (60), serves to restrict the range of movement of the shaft (56) and thus of the machining tools (54) around the transverse axis.
    [7]
    7. harvesting header (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mulching device can be pivoted about the transverse axis by means of an actuator (74), the adjustment range of which defines the range of motion of the mulching device (50).
    [8]
    8. harvesting header (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mulching device (50) is arranged to the rear of the runner (92).
    [9]
    9. harvesting attachment (20) according to claim 7, wherein the mulching device (50) relative to the runner (92) is laterally offset or arranged exactly behind the runner (92).
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    EP3272199B1|2019-09-25|Mulching device for processing plant stumps on a field
    EP1046329B2|2017-09-27|Agricultural vehicle, paricularly a forage harvester or combine harvester, with an additional implement attached thereon
    EP3269223B1|2020-04-22|Harvesting attachment with a mulching device
    EP1932416B1|2012-11-07|Device comprising a first and a second work unit
    EP1566092B1|2008-02-13|Harvester with chopper
    DE102017222587B4|2022-02-24|Mulcher for processing plant stumps standing on a field with adjustable position and/or ground pressure
    EP3622798A1|2020-03-18|Assembly for controlling the height and / or inclination of a harvester header for harvesting stalk goods
    EP3391724B1|2020-01-29|Mulching device for processing plant stumps on a field with adjustable position and/or ground pressure force
    DE102016212621A1|2018-01-18|Harvest header with a mulching device
    WO1994004020A2|1994-03-03|Automotive baling press for plants cultivated in the field
    EP1093708A1|2001-04-25|Mowing device
    EP3811759A1|2021-04-28|Mulching device for processing plant stumps on a field with turning angle limitation
    BE1027108B1|2021-02-26|Header with a mulcher
    DE102006030508B4|2014-05-08|Arrangement for pendulum suspension of a header on a harvester
    DE102008040217B4|2015-01-15|Between an operating position and a compact transport position adjustable header
    DE202006019070U1|2007-05-16|Agricultural device for attaching to an agricultural vehicle comprises an adjusting unit for linearly translating the working units
    DE102019201380A1|2020-08-06|Corn mower with mulch device for processing stumps in a field
    DE102019201384A1|2020-08-06|Maize mower with a mulcher for working on stumps in a field
    DE102021120012A1|2022-03-03|Arrangement for controlling the height of a header for harvesting stem-like crops
    EP3881665A1|2021-09-22|Mulching apparatus for processing plant stubble
    EP2692222A2|2014-02-05|Harvesting device for harvesting maize
    EP1932415B1|2012-03-14|Device comprising a first and a second work unit
    DE202006019069U1|2007-05-16|Device for picking up crops lying on ground has distance of outer pick-up elements of adjacent pick-up units essentially less than or equal to mean length of crop to be picked up in working position
    DE102014208071B4|2018-10-25|Between an operating and a transport position adjustable agricultural implement
    EP1932418A1|2008-06-18|Harvesting device for collecting harvested crops from the ground
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1027108A1|2020-10-05|
    DE102019204250A1|2020-10-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE3515295A1|1985-04-27|1986-10-30|Claas Ohg, 4834 Harsewinkel|Corncob picker with chopper|
    EP0365019A1|1988-10-19|1990-04-25|BISO GmbH Maschinenfabrik|Picking device for harvesting cereals, especially maize|
    EP0423626A1|1989-10-19|1991-04-24|BISO GmbH Maschinenfabrik|Harvesting device for cereals, especially maize|
    EP3272199A1|2016-07-20|2018-01-24|Deere & Company|Mulching device for processing plant stumps on a field|
    DE102004020447B4|2004-04-27|2006-07-13|Maschinenfabrik Bernard Krone Gmbh|Corroding pest or diseased mushroom distribution method, involves carrying out mechanical milling of plant stubbles and/or harvested crop by cutting and milling device before plant stubbles are transferred from wheels of harvesting machine|
    DE102016214323A1|2016-08-03|2018-02-08|Deere & Company|Mulching device for mechanical processing of plant stubble|
    EP3391724B1|2017-04-19|2020-01-29|Deere & Company|Mulching device for processing plant stumps on a field with adjustable position and/or ground pressure force|
    法律状态:
    2021-04-23| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20210226 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102019204250.3A|DE102019204250A1|2019-03-27|2019-03-27|Header with a mulcher|
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